英语 版本
政治
Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
英语 BooksWhale 版本 · Peter Kropotkin
Kropotkin’s argument that cooperation, not only competition, shapes animals, humans, and society.
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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution challenges a narrow view of struggle by documenting cooperation among animals, early human communities, medieval cities, and modern associations. Kropotkin’s work remains important for political theory, sociology, evolutionary debate, anarchist thought, and social ethics.
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此版本基于公版文本，并由 BooksWhale 整理为适合数字阅读的版本。
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Peter Kropotkin died in 1921, and Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution was first published in 1902. These dates support the public-domain basis for this English original edition.
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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
Peter Kropotkin
预览章节MUTUAL AID预览
MUTUAL AID
预览章节A FACTOR OF EVOLUTION预览
A FACTOR OF EVOLUTION
目录
本版本内容
- 01Full text
- 02MUTUAL AID
- 03A FACTOR OF EVOLUTION
- 04BY P. KROPOTKIN
- 05INTRODUCTION
- 06Buchner's work, suggestive though it is and rich in facts, I could not
- 07CHAPTER I
- 08MUTUAL AID AMONG ANIMALS
- 09CHAPTER II
- 10CHAPTER III
- 11MUTUAL AID AMONG SAVAGES
- 12CHAPTER IV
- 13MUTUAL AID AMONG THE BARBARIANS
- 14CHAPTER V
- 15MUTUAL AID IN THE MEDIAEVAL CITY
- 16CHAPTER VI
- 17CHAPTER VII
- 18MUTUAL AID AMONGST OURSELVES
- 19CHAPTER VIII