An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

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1. 01Full text
2. 02IN FOUR BOOKS
3. 03Cic. de Natur. Deor. l. 1.
4. 04LONDON:
5. 05MDCXC
6. 06THE EPISTLE TO THE READER ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.
7. 07MY LORD,
8. 08MY LORD,
9. 09JOHN LOCKE
10. 10THE EPISTLE TO THE READER
11. 11READER,
12. 12I must only except the alterations I have made in Book II. chap. xxi.
13. 13ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.
14. 14BOOK I NEITHER PRINCIPLES NOR IDEAS ARE INNATE
15. 15CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.
16. 16CHAPTER II. NO INNATE SPECULATIVE PRINCIPLES.
17. 17CHAPTER III. NO INNATE PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES
18. 18CHAPTER IV. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.
19. 19BOOK II OF IDEAS
20. 20CHAPTER I. OF IDEAS IN GENERAL, AND THEIR ORIGINAL.
21. 21CHAPTER II. OF SIMPLE IDEAS.
22. 22CHAPTER III. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSE.
23. 23CHAPTER IV. IDEA OF SOLIDITY.
24. 24CHAPTER V. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF DIVERS SENSES.
25. 25CHAPTER VI. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF REFLECTION.
26. 26CHAPTER VII. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF BOTH SENSATION AND REFLECTION.
27. 27CHAPTER VIII. SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING OUR SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSATION.
28. 28CHAPTER IX. OF PERCEPTION.
29. 29CHAPTER X. OF RETENTION.
30. 30CHAPTER XI. OF DISCERNING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF THE MIND.
31. 31I proceed now to examine some of these simple ideas and their modes a little more particularly.
32. 32CHAPTER XII. OF COMPLEX IDEAS.
33. 33CHAPTER XIII. COMPLEX IDEAS OF SIMPLE MODES:—AND FIRST, OF THE SIMPLE MODES OF IDEA OF SPACE.
34. 34CHAPTER XIV. IDEA OF DURATION AND ITS SIMPLE MODES.
35. 35CHAPTER XV. IDEAS OF DURATION AND EXPANSION, CONSIDERED TOGETHER.
36. 36CHAPTER XVI. IDEA OF NUMBER.
37. 37CHAPTER XVII. OF INFINITY.
38. 38CHAPTER XVIII. OTHER SIMPLE MODES.
39. 39CHAPTER XIX. OF THE MODES OF THINKING.
40. 40CHAPTER XX. OF MODES OF PLEASURE AND PAIN.
41. 41CHAPTER XXI. OF POWER.
42. 42CHAPTER XXII. OF MIXED MODES.
43. 43CHAPTER XXIII. OF OUR COMPLEX IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES.
44. 44CHAPTER XXIV. OF COLLECTIVE IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES.
45. 45CHAPTER XXV. OF RELATION.
46. 46CHAPTER XXVI. OF CAUSE AND EFFECT, AND OTHER RELATIONS.
47. 47CHAPTER XXVII. OF IDENTITY AND DIVERSITY.
48. 48CHAPTER XXVIII. OF OTHER RELATIONS.
49. 49CHAPTER XXIX. OF CLEAR AND OBSCURE, DISTINCT AND CONFUSED IDEAS.
50. 50CHAPTER XXX. OF REAL AND FANTASTICAL IDEAS.
51. 51CHAPTER XXXI. OF ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE IDEAS.
52. 52CHAPTER XXXII. OF TRUE AND FALSE IDEAS.
53. 53CHAPTER XXXIII. OF THE ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS.
54. 54END OF VOLUME I
55. 55JOHN LOCKE
56. 56BOOK III. OF WORDS.
57. 57CHAP.
58. 58BOOK IV. OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROBABILITY.
59. 59CHAP.
60. 60BOOK III
61. 61OF WORDS
62. 62CHAPTER I.
63. 63OF WORDS OR LANGUAGE IN GENERAL.
64. 64CHAPTER II.
65. 65OF THE SIGNIFICATION OF WORDS.
66. 66CHAPTER III.
67. 67OF GENERAL TERMS.
68. 68CHAPTER IV.
69. 69OF THE NAMES OF SIMPLE IDEAS.
70. 70CHAPTER V.
71. 71OF THE NAMES OF MIXED MODES AND RELATIONS.
72. 72CHAPTER VI.
73. 73OF THE NAMES OF SUBSTANCES.
74. 74CHAPTER VII.
75. 75OF PARTICLES.
76. 76CHAPTER VIII.
77. 77OF ABSTRACT AND CONCRETE TERMS.
78. 78CHAPTER IX.
79. 79OF THE IMPERFECTION OF WORDS.
80. 80I. Civil.
81. 81I. Because the Ideas they stand for are so complex.
82. 82CHAPTER X.
83. 83OF THE ABUSE OF WORDS.
84. 84I. Some words introduced without clear ideas annexed to them, even in their first original.
85. 85CHAPTER XI.
86. 86OF THE REMEDIES OF THE FOREGOING IMPERFECTIONS AND ABUSES OF WORDS.
87. 87BOOK IV
88. 88OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROBABILITY SYNOPSIS OF THE FOURTH BOOK.
89. 89CHAPTER I.
90. 90OF KNOWLEDGE IN GENERAL.
91. 91I. IDENTITY, or DIVERSITY. II. RELATION. III. CO-EXISTENCE, or NECESSARY CONNEXION. IV. REAL EXISTENCE.
92. 92CHAPTER II.
93. 93OF THE DEGREES OF OUR KNOWLEDGE.
94. 94CHAPTER III.
95. 95OF THE EXTENT OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE.
96. 96I. Want of simple ideas that other creatures in other parts of the universe may have.
97. 97CHAPTER IV. OF THE REALITY OF KNOWLEDGE.
98. 98CHAPTER V. OF TRUTH IN GENERAL.
99. 99CHAPTER VI. OF UNIVERSAL PROPOSITIONS: THEIR TRUTH AND CERTAINTY.
100. 100CHAPTER VII. OF MAXIMS
101. 101CHAPTER VIII. OF TRIFLING PROPOSITIONS.
102. 102CHAPTER IX. OF OUR THREEFOLD KNOWLEDGE OF EXISTENCE.
103. 103CHAPTER X. OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXISTENCE OF A GOD.
104. 104CHAPTER XI.
105. 105OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXISTENCE OF OTHER THINGS.
106. 106CHAPTER XII. OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF OUR KNOWLEDGE
107. 107CHAPTER XIII.
108. 108SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING OUR KNOWLEDGE.
109. 109CHAPTER XIV. OF JUDGMENT.
110. 110CHAPTER XV. OF PROBABILITY.
111. 111CHAPTER XVI. OF THE DEGREES OF ASSENT.
112. 112I. The concurrent Experience of ALL other Men with ours, produces Assurance approaching to Knowledge.
113. 113CHAPTER XVII. OF REASON
114. 114CHAPTER XVIII.
115. 115OF FAITH AND REASON, AND THEIR DISTINCT PROVINCES.
116. 116CHAPTER XIX. [not in early editions]
117. 117CHAPTER XX.
118. 118OF WRONG ASSENT, OR ERROR.
119. 119I. WANT OF PROOFS.
120. 120II. WANT OF ABILITY TO USE THEM.
121. 121III. WANT OF WILL TO SEE THEM.
122. 122IV. WRONG MEASURES OF PROBABILITY.
123. 123I. PROPOSITIONS THAT ARE IN THEMSELVES CERTAIN AND EVIDENT, BUT DOUBTFUL AND FALSE, TAKEN UP FOR PRINCIPLES.
124. 124II. RECEIVED HYPOTHESES.
125. 125III. PREDOMINANT PASSIONS OR INCLINATIONS.
126. 126IV. AUTHORITY.
127. 127CHAPTER XXI.
128. 128OF THE DIVISION OF THE SCIENCES.