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Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
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A public-domain classic of motion, gravity, mathematics, and the foundations of physics, presented in a clean BooksWhale reading edition.
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Introduction du livre
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy by Isaac Newton is a public-domain classic of motion, gravity, mathematics, and the foundations of physics. This edition presents the text in a clean reading format for sustained reading and catalog discovery.
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Isaac Newton died in 1727, and Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was first published around 1687. These dates support the public-domain basis for the source text used in this edition.
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Chapitre d'aperçuFull textLire l'aperçu
Newton's Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Sir Isaac Newton — translated by Andrew Motte
Chapitre d'aperçuDedicationAperçu
TO THE TEACHERS OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.
GENTLEMEN :—
A stirring freshness in the air, and ruddy streaks upon the horizon of the moral world betoken the grateful dawning of a new era. The days of a drivelling instruction are departing. With us is the opening promise of a better time, wherein genuine manhood doing its noblest work shall have adequate reward. TEACHER is the highest and most responsible office man can fill. Its dignity is, and will yet be held commensurate with its duty—a duty boundless as man's intellectual capacity, and great as his moral need—a duty from the performance of which shall emanate an influence not limited to the now and the here , but which surely will, as time flows into eternity and space into infinity, roll up, a measureless curse or a measureless blessing, in inconceivable swellings along the infinite curve. It is an office that should be esteemed of even sacred import in this country. Ere long a hundred millions, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from Baffin's Bay to that of Panama, shall call themselves American citizens. What a field for those two master-passions of the human soul—the love of Rule, and the love of Gain! How shall our liberties continue to be preserved from the graspings of Ambition and the corruptions of Gold? Not by Bills of Rights Constitutions, and Statute Books; but alone by the rightly cultivated hearts and heads of the PEOPLE . They must themselves guard the Ark. It is yours to fit them for the consecrated charge. Look well to it: for you appear clothed in the majesty of great power! It is yours to fashion, and to inform, to save, and to perpetuate. You are the Educators of the People: you are the prime Conservators of the public weal. Betray your trust, and the sacred fires would go out, and the altars crumble into dust: knowledge become lost in tradition, and Christian nobleness a fable! As you, therefore, are multiplied in number, elevated in consideration, increased in means, and fulfill, well and faithfully, all the requirements of true Teachers, so shall our favoured land lift up her head among the nations of the earth, and call herself blessed.
In conclusion, Gentlemen, to you, as the conspicuous leaders in the vast and honourable labour of Educational Reform, and Popular Teaching, the First American Edition of the PRINCIPIA of Newton—the greatest work of the greatest Teacher—is most respectfully dedicated.
N. W. CHITTENDEN.
Chapitre d'aperçuIntroduction To The American EditionAperçu
THAT the PRINCIPIA of Newton should have remained so generally unknown in this country to the present day is a somewhat remarkable fact; because the name of the author, learned with the very elements of science, is revered at every hearth-stone where knowledge and virtue are of chief esteem, while, abroad, in all the high places of the land, the character which that name recalls is held up as the noblest illustration of what MAN may be, and may do, in the possession and manifestation of pre-eminent intellectual and moral worth; because the work is celebrated, not only in the history of one career and one mind, but in the history of all achievement and human reason itself; because of the spirit of inquiry, which has been aroused, and which, in pursuing its searchings, is not always satisfied with stopping short of the fountain-head of any given truth; and, finally, because of the earnest endeavour that has been and is constantly going on, in many sections of the Republic, to elevate the popular standard of education and give to scientific and other efforts a higher and a better aim.
True, the PRINCIPIA has been hitherto inaccessible to popular use. A few copies in Latin, and occasionally one in English may be found in some of our larger libraries, or in the possession of some ardent disciple of the great Master. But a dead language in the one case, and an enormous price in both, particularly in that of the English edition, have thus far opposed very sufficient obstacles to the wide circulation of the work. It is now, however, placed within the reach of all. And in performing this labour, the utmost care has been taken, by collation, revision, and otherwise, to render the First American Edition the most accurate and beautiful in our language. "Le plus beau monument que l'on puisse élever à la gloire de Newton, c'est une bonne édition de ses ouvrages:" and a monument like unto that we would here set up. The PRINCIPIA , above all, glows with the immortality of a transcendant mind. Marble and brass dissolve and pass away; but the true creations of genius endure, in time and beyond time, forever: high upon the adamant of the indestructible, they send forth afar and near, over the troublous waters of life, a pure, unwavering, quenchless light whereby the myriad myriads of barques, richly laden with reason, intelligence and various faculty, are guided through the night and the storm, by the beetling shore and the hidden rock, the breaker and the shoal, safely into havens calm and secure.
To the teacher and the taught, the scholar and the student, the devotee of Science and the worshipper of Truth, the PRINCIPIA must ever continue to be of inestimable value. If to educate means, not so much to store the memory with symbols and facts, as to bring forth the faculties of the soul and develope them to the full by healthy nurture and a hardy discipline, then, what so effective to the accomplishment of that end as the study of Geometrical Synthesis? The Calculus, in some shape or other, is, indeed, necessary to the successful prosecution of researches in the higher branches of philosophy. But has not the Analytical encroached upon the Synthetical, and Algorithmic Formulæ been employed when not requisite, either for the evolution of truth, or even its apter illustration? To each method belongs, undoubtedly, an appropriate use. Newton, himself the inventor of Fluxions, censured the handling of Geometrical subjects by Algebraical calculations; and the maturest opinions which he expressed were additionally in favour of the Geometrical Method. His preference, so strongly marked, is not to be reckoned a mere matter of taste; and his authority should bear with preponderating weight upon the decision of every instructor in adopting what may be deemed the best plan to insure the completest mental development. Geometry, the vigorous product of remote time; blended with the earliest aspirations of Science and the earliest applications of Art; as well in the measures of music as in the movement of spheres; as wholly in the structure of the atom as in that of the world; directing MOTION and shaping APPEARANCE ; in a word, at the moulding of the created all, is, in comprehensive view, the outward form of that Inner Harmony of which and in which all things are. Plainly, therefore, this noble study has other and infinitely higher uses than to increase the power of abstraction. A more general and thorough cultivation of it should be strenuously insisted on. Passing from the pages of Euclid or Legendre, might not the student be led, at the suitable time, to those of the PRINCIPIA wherein Geometry may be found in varied use from the familiar to the sublime? The profoundest and the happiest results, it is believed, would attend upon this enlargement of our Educational System.
Table des matières
Dans cette édition
- 01Full text
- 02Dedication
- 03Introduction To The American Edition
- 04Life Of Sir Isaac Newton
- 05The Principia
- 06Book I
- 07Definitions
- 08Definition I
- 09Definition Ii
- 10Definition Iii
- 11Definition Iv
- 12Definition V
- 13Definition Vi
- 14Definition Vii
- 15Definition Viii
- 16Scholium
- 17Axioms, Or Laws Of Motion
- 18Corollary I
- 19Corollary Ii
- 20Corollary Iii
- 21Corollary Iv
- 22Corollary V
- 23Corollary Vi
- 24Scholium
- 25Book I. Of The Motion Of Bodies
- 26Section I
- 27Lemma I
- 28Lemma Ii
- 29Lemma Iii
- 30Lemma Iv
- 31Lemma V
- 32Lemma Vi
- 33Lemma Vii
- 34Lemma Viii
- 35Lemma Ix
- 36Lemma X
- 37Scholium
- 38Lemma Xi
- 39Scholium
- 40Section Ii
- 41Proposition I. Theorem I
- 42Proposition Ii. Theorem Ii
- 43Scholium
- 44Proposition Iii. Theorem Iii
- 45Scholium
- 46Proposition Iv. Theorem Iv
- 47Scholium
- 48Proposition V. Problem I
- 49Proposition Vi. Theorem V
- 50Proposition Vii. Problem Ii
- 51Proposition Viii. Problem Iii
- 52Scholium
- 53Proposition Ix. Problem Iv
- 54Lemma Xii
- 55Proposition X. Problem V
- 56Scholium
- 57Section Iii
- 58Proposition Xi. Problem Vi
- 59Proposition Xii. Problem Vii
- 60Lemma Xiii
- 61Lemma Xiv
- 62Proposition Xiii. Problem Viii
- 63Proposition Xiv. Theorem Vi
- 64Proposition Xv. Theorem Vii
- 65Proposition Xvi. Theorem Viii
- 66Proposition Xvii. Problem Ix
- 67Scholium
- 68Section Iv
- 69Lemma Xv
- 70Proposition Xviii. Problem X
- 71Proposition Xix. Problem Xi
- 72Proposition Xx. Problem Xii
- 73Lemma Xvi
- 74Proposition Xxi. Problem Xiii
- 75Scholium
- 76Section V
- 77Lemma Xvii
- 78Lemma Xviii
- 79Scholium
- 80Lemma Xix
- 81Lemma Xx
- 82Lemma Xxi
- 83Proposition Xxii. Problem Xiv
- 84Scholium
- 85Proposition Xxiii. Problem Xv
- 86Proposition Xxiv. Problem Xvi
- 87Lemma Xxii
- 88Proposition Xxv. Problem Xvii
- 89Proposition Xxvi. Problem Xviii
- 90Lemma Xxiii
- 91Lemma Xxiv
- 92Lemma Xxv
- 93Proposition Xxvii. Problem Xix
- 94Scholium
- 95Lemma Xxvi
- 96Proposition Xxviii. Problem Xx
- 97Lemma Xxvii
- 98Proposition Xxix. Problem Xxi
- 99Scholium
- 100Section Vi
- 101Proposition Xxx. Problem Xxii
- 102Lemma Xxviii
- 103Proposition Xxxi. Problem Xxiii
- 104Scholium
- 105Section Vii
- 106Proposition Xxxii. Problem Xxiv
- 107Proposition Xxxiii. Theorem Ix
- 108Proposition Xxxiv. Theorem X
- 109Proposition Xxxv. Theorem Xi
- 110Proposition Xxxvi. Problem Xxv
- 111Proposition Xxxvii. Problem Xxvi
- 112Proposition Xxxviii. Theorem Xii
- 113Proposition Xxxix. Problem Xxvii
- 114Section Viii
- 115Proposition Xl. Theorem Xiii
- 116Proposition Xli. Problem Xxviii
- 117Proposition Xlii. Problem Xxix
- 118Section Ix
- 119Proposition Xliii. Problem Xxx
- 120Proposition Xliv. Theorem Xiv
- 121Proposition Xlv. Problem Xxxi
- 122Section X
- 123Proposition Xlvi. Problem Xxxii
- 124Proposition Xlvii. Theorem Xv
- 125Scholium
- 126Proposition Xlviii. Theorem Xvi
- 127Proposition Xlix. Theorem Xvii
- 128Proposition L. Problem Xxxiii
- 129Proposition Li. Theorem Xviii
- 130Proposition Lii. Problem Xxxiv
- 131Proposition Liii. Problem Xxxv
- 132Proposition Liv. Problem Xxxvi
- 133Proposition Lv. Theorem Xix
- 134Proposition Lvi. Problem Xxxvii
- 135Section Xi
- 136Proposition Lvii. Theorem Xx
- 137Proposition Lviii. Theorem Xxi
- 138Proposition Lix. Theorem Xxii
- 139Proposition Lx. Theorem Xxiii
- 140Proposition Lxi. Theorem Xxiv
- 141Proposition Lxii. Problem Xxxviii
- 142Proposition Lxiii. Problem Xxxix
- 143Proposition Lxiv. Problem Xl
- 144Proposition Lxv. Theorem Xxv
- 145Proposition Lxvi. Theorem Xxvi
- 146Proposition Lxvii. Theorem Xxvii
- 147Proposition Lxviii. Theorem Xxviii
- 148Proposition Lxix. Theorem Xxix
- 149Scholium
- 150Section Xii
- 151Proposition Lxx. Theorem Xxx
- 152Proposition Lxxi. Theorem Xxxi
- 153Proposition Lxxii. Theorem Xxxii
- 154Proposition Lxxiii. Theorem Xxxiii
- 155Scholium
- 156Proposition Lxxiv. Theorem Xxxiv
- 157Proposition Lxxv. Theorem Xxxv
- 158Proposition Lxxvi. Theorem Xxxvi
- 159Proposition Lxxvii. Theorem Xxxvii
- 160Proposition Lxxviii. Theorem Xxxviii
- 161Scholium
- 162Lemma Xxix
- 163Proposition Lxxix. Theorem Xxxix
- 164Proposition Lxxx. Theorem Xl
- 165Proposition Lxxxi. Problem Xli
- 166Proposition Lxxxii. Theorem Xli
- 167Proposition Lxxxiii. Problem Xlii
- 168Proposition Lxxxiv. Problem Xliii
- 169Scholium
- 170Section Xiii
- 171Proposition Lxxxv. Theorem Xlii
- 172Proposition Lxxxvi. Theorem Xliii
- 173Proposition Lxxxvii. Theorem Xliv
- 174Proposition Lxxxviii. Theorem Xlv
- 175Proposition Lxxxix. Theorem Xlvi
- 176Proposition Xc. Problem Xliv
- 177Proposition Xci. Problem Xlv
- 178Proposition Xcii. Problem Xlvi
- 179Proposition Xciii. Theorem Xlvii
- 180Scholium
- 181Section Xiv
- 182Proposition Xciv. Theorem Xlviii
- 183Proposition Xcv. Theorem Xlix
- 184Proposition Xcvi. Theorem L
- 185Scholium
- 186Proposition Xcvii. Problem Xlvii
- 187Proposition Xcviii. Problem Xlviii
- 188Scholium
- 189Book Ii
- 190Book Ii
- 191Section I
- 192Proposition I. Theorem I
- 193Lemma I
- 194Proposition Ii. Theorem Ii
- 195Proposition Iii. Problem I
- 196Proposition Iv. Problem Ii
- 197Scholium
- 198Section Ii
- 199Proposition V. Theorem Iii
- 200Proposition Vi. Theorem Iv
- 201Proposition Vii. Theorem V
- 202Lemma Ii
- 203Scholium
- 204Proposition Viii. Theorem Vi
- 205Proposition Ix. Theorem Vii
- 206Proposition X. Problem Iii
- 207Scholium
- 208Section Iii
- 209Proposition Xi. Theorem Viii
- 210Proposition Xii. Theorem Ix
- 211Proposition Xiii. Theorem X
- 212Scholium
- 213Proposition Xiv. Theorem Xi
- 214Scholium
- 215Section Iv
- 216Lemma Iii
- 217Proposition Xv. Theorem Xii
- 218Proposition Xvi. Theorem Xiii
- 219Scholium
- 220Proposition Xvii. Problem Iv
- 221Proposition Xviii. Problem V
- 222Section V
- 223Proposition Xix. Theorem Xiv
- 224Proposition Xx. Theorem Xv
- 225Proposition Xxi. Theorem Xvi
- 226Proposition Xxii. Theorem Xvii
- 227Scholium
- 228Proposition Xxiii. Theorem Xviii
- 229Scholium
- 230Section Vi
- 231Proposition Xxiv. Theorem Xix
- 232Proposition Xxv. Theorem Xx
- 233Proposition Xxvi. Theorem Xxi
- 234Proposition Xxvii. Theorem Xxii
- 235Proposition Xxviii. Theorem Xxiii
- 236Proposition Xxix. Problem Vi
- 237Proposition Xxx. Theorem Xxiv
- 238Proposition Xxxi. Theorem Xxv
- 239General Scholium
- 240Section Vii
- 241Proposition Xxxii. Theorem Xxvi
- 242Proposition Xxxiii. Theorem Xxvii
- 243Proposition Xxxiv. Theorem Xxviii
- 244Scholium
- 245Proposition Xxxv. Problem Vii
- 246Scholium
- 247Proposition Xxxvi. Problem Viii
- 248Lemma Iv
- 249Proposition Xxxvii. Theorem Xxix
- 250Scholium
- 251Lemma V
- 252Lemma Vi
- 253Lemma Vii
- 254Scholium
- 255Proposition Xxxviii. Theorem Xxx
- 256Proposition Xxxix. Theorem Xxxi
- 257Scholium
- 258Proposition Xl. Problem Ix
- 259Scholium
- 260Section Viii
- 261Proposition Xli. Theorem Xxxii
- 262Proposition Xlii. Theorem Xxxiii
- 263Proposition Xliii. Theorem Xxxiv
- 264Proposition Xliv. Theorem Xxxv
- 265Proposition Xlv. Theorem Xxxvi
- 266Proposition Xlvi. Problem X
- 267Proposition Xlvii. Theorem Xxxvii
- 268Proposition Xlviii. Theorem Xxxviii
- 269Proposition Xlix. Problem Xi
- 270Proposition L. Problem Xii
- 271Scholium
- 272Section Ix
- 273Proposition Li. Theorem Xxxix
- 274Proposition Lii. Theorem Xl
- 275Scholium
- 276Proposition Liii. Theorem Xli
- 277Scholium
- 278Book Iii
- 279Book Iii
- 280Rules Of Reasoning In Philosophy
- 281Rule I
- 282Rule Ii
- 283Rule Iii
- 284Rule Iv
- 285Phænomenon I
- 286Phænomenon Ii
- 287Phænomenon Iii
- 288Phænomenon Iv
- 289Phænomenon V
- 290Phænomenon Vi
- 291Propositions
- 292Proposition I. Theorem I
- 293Proposition Ii. Theorem Ii
- 294Proposition Iii. Theorem Iii
- 295Proposition Iv. Theorem Iv
- 296Scholium
- 297Proposition V. Theorem V
- 298Scholium
- 299Proposition Vi. Theorem Vi
- 300Proposition Vii. Theorem Vii
- 301Proposition Viii. Theorem Viii
- 302Proposition Ix. Theorem Ix
- 303Proposition X. Theorem X
- 304Proposition Xi. Theorem Xi
- 305Proposition Xii. Theorem Xii
- 306Proposition Xiii. Theorem Xiii
- 307Proposition Xiv. Theorem Xiv
- 308Scholium
- 309Proposition Xv. Problem I
- 310Proposition Xvi. Problem Ii
- 311Proposition Xvii. Theorem Xv
- 312Proposition Xviii. Theorem Xvi
- 313Proposition Xix. Problem Iii
- 314Proposition Xx. Problem Iv
- 315Proposition Xxi. Theorem Xvii
- 316Proposition Xxii. Theorem Xviii
- 317Proposition Xxiii. Problem V
- 318Proposition Xxiv. Theorem Xix
- 319Proposition Xxv. Problem Vi
- 320Proposition Xxvi. Problem Vii
- 321Proposition Xxvii. Problem Viii
- 322Proposition Xxviii. Problem Ix
- 323Proposition Xxix. Problem X
- 324Proposition Xxx. Problem Xi
- 325Proposition Xxxi. Problem Xii
- 326Proposition Xxxii. Problem Xiii
- 327Proposition Xxxiii. Problem Xiv
- 328Scholium
- 329Proposition I
- 330Proposition Ii
- 331Proposition Xxxiv. Problem Xv
- 332Proposition Xxxv. Problem Xvi
- 333Scholium
- 334Proposition Xxxvi. Problem Xvii
- 335Proposition Xxxvii. Problem Xviii
- 336Proposition Xxxviii. Problem Xix
- 337Lemma I
- 338Lemma Ii
- 339Lemma Iii
- 340Proposition Xxxix. Problem Xx
- 341Lemma Iv
- 342Proposition Xl. Theorem Xx
- 343Lemma V
- 344Lemma Vi
- 345Lemma Vii
- 346Lemma Viii
- 347Scholium
- 348Lemma Ix
- 349Lemma X
- 350Lemma Xi
- 351Proposition Xli. Problem Xxi
- 352Proposition Xlii. Problem Xxii
- 353General Scholium
- 354The System Of The World
- 355The System Of The World
- 356Lemma I
- 357Lemma Ii
- 358Lemma Iii
- 359Lemma Iv
- 360Lemma V
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