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Emerson studies Plato, Swedenborg, Montaigne, Shakespeare, Napoleon, and Goethe as cultural types.

Carlyle’s strange philosophical satire on clothes, belief, symbols, and spiritual crisis.

A focused Emerson essay collection on intellect, character, friendship, heroism, nature, poetry, prudence, and moral independence.

A mature Emerson essay collection on fate, power, wealth, culture, behavior, beauty, and illusion.

A philosophical tale in which Prince Rasselas searches for happiness, wisdom, vocation, solitude, power, and human limits.

An English edition of the Daoist classic on freedom, transformation, language, dreams, usefulness, and wandering beyond fixed distinctions.

Adam Smith’s moral philosophy of sympathy, conscience, virtue, and social judgment.

James’s accessible lectures on truth, belief, experience, pluralism, religion, and practical consequences.

James’s essays on belief, doubt, rationality, moral choice, religion, and the risks of decision.

Mill’s major work on induction, scientific method, reasoning, evidence, and social science.

Hume’s major work on ideas, causation, belief, personal identity, passion, morals, and human understanding.

Locke’s foundational study of ideas, knowledge, experience, language, identity, and the limits of understanding.

A philosophical dialogue on design, skepticism, religious belief, evidence, analogy, and natural theology.

Bacon’s utopian fiction of Salomon’s House, knowledge, experiment, science, travel, and social order.

A witty essay collection attacking fashionable certainties in literature, politics, religion, and modern intellectual life.

A lucid philosophical inquiry into knowledge, causation, probability, miracles, and human understanding.

A classic defense of utility, happiness, moral judgment, liberty, and social ethics.

A public-domain classic of practical wisdom, politics, learning, and human conduct, presented in a clean BooksWhale reading edition.

An English edition of the Mohist classic on universal care, merit, frugality, and social order.

Thoreau’s experiment in simple living, attention, nature, labor, solitude, and moral independence.